Perseverance The Little Rock Nine - 1173 Words

Perseverance Throughout History In pieces of nonfiction literature, there are plenty of ways that the author shows perseverance. Perseverance is shown throughout history during times of war, the civil rights movement, or even getting women rights. Perseverance is made when someone needs to overcome an obstacle. Perseverance, according to Merriam Webster’s Dictionary, is a continued effort to do or achieve something despite difficulties, failure, or opposition. Without perseverance, we wouldn’t be able to do tasks that may challenge us and tasks that are difficult, or even do things that may seem impossible. There are three pieces of nonfiction literature that show perseverance and they are, Warriors Don’t Cry, Temple Grandin, and Heaven†¦show more content†¦In a heartbeat, without even thinking about it, I leaped up and picked up my books as a shield to fend him off.† Melba persevered through lot this day when this happened. The main thing that put her off the edge is when the kid pulled a switchblade knife on her. She persevered through that by fending off the kid. She also overcame at the same time, standing up for herself. She stood up for herself because she stood up against the white kids who were bullying her badly. That was one of the things that happened while she was segregating the all white school that she persevered through. Another thing that happened was she got rained on by flaming papers. â€Å"Once more I looked up to see those grinning, jeering faces as flaming paper rained down on me. Please, God, help me, I silently implored. I had to hurry. I might not be able to swat the next one and put it out with my hands. Then what? Would my hair catch fire? I had to stop them. I picked up my books and tossed one upward as hard as I could, in blind aim to hit my attackers.† She persevered through everything that the white kids threw at her. Like this one instant, she persevered through flames and pushed and sh oved to get of the trouble that she was in. Another piece of literature that shows perseverance is Temple Grandin. She had autism and at the time when she was born, they didn’t know much about the disability. So she grew up with problemsShow MoreRelatedWarriors Dont Cry Essay1287 Words   |  6 PagesIn her memoir Warriors Don’t Cry, Melba Pattillo Beals describes her experiences as she became one of the first nine black students educated in an integrated white school. She and her friends, who became known as the â€Å"Little Rock Nine†, elicited both support and criticism from their family members, friends, community members, military troops, in addition to the President of the United States. Melba’s experiences, while heartbreaking and sobering, highlight the strength to overcome that individualsRead MoreThe Importance Of Perseverance In Literature984 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"When the whole world is silent even one voice becomes powerful† We all have encountered perseverance in our lives and it can have a huge impact on people, but as quoted on the wall â€Å"It takes only one person to change your life†¦ you. No matter how much a person tries to persuade you are the one that makes it reality. Perseverance is key in nonfiction books and since its a real person’s experience it makes it more powerful for the reader and its easier to relate so it makes you want to do the sameRead MoreThe Importance Of Endurance In Literature1066 Words   |  5 Pagesfor the better if Temple Grandin had given up. If the Little Rock Nine decided to retreat, there would still be segregated schools. And if all soldiers decided they would just give up instead of fighting, there would not be a free, independent country called the United States. To achieve great things, means to withstand difficult situations and problems. Some synonyms of endurance to be considered are dedication, determination, and perseverance. Nonfiction literature influences readers through demonstratingRead MoreThe Word Perseverance Is Necessary For The Lack Of Perseverance1218 Words   |  5 Pagesthrough simple tasks due to the lack of perseverance. Merriam Webster s dictionary definition for the word perseverance i s â€Å"a continued effort to do or achieve something despite difficulties, failure, or opposition.† In terms of usage, perseverance is used as a noun that comes from Latin origin with per- meaning through, and severus- meaning sever. Synonyms of the word consist of persist or to carry on, while antonyms are to give up or to quit. Perseverance is an important trait due to the fact thatRead MorePerseverance Speech1454 Words   |  6 PagesPerseverance When adversity hits someone, they have a choice. A choice of whether to stay down, or to get back up and overcome it. Perseverance is what gets someone to overcome those obstacles and what gets them to where they want to be. The Merriam-Websters dictionary defines perseverance as, â€Å"a continued effort to do or achieve something difficulties, failure, or opposition.† Common synonyms of perseverance are â€Å"persistent,† â€Å"dedication,† â€Å"patient,† and â€Å"tenacious.† An antonym for the wordRead MoreThe Epic Of Gilgamesh And The Odyssey1636 Words   |  7 Pagesviewed as stories that teach the reader valuable life lessons, almost like a self-help book in today’s society. They both teach a lot of the same general lessons but there are some key similarities and differences throughout both works. Such as perseverance, and the inevitability of death are both lessons that are taught in each poem but they are presented to the read er through different interpretations. In the Epic of Gilgamesh and The Odyssey there are two main characters both viewed as heroic figuresRead MoreAnalysis Of David Mccullough s 1776 Essay1229 Words   |  5 Pagesthe prize ship [the captured British supply ship Nancy].’† (79) As well as guns being in short supply, the Colonial Army also lacked gunpowder. â€Å"Very little by gunpowder was produced in the colonies. What supplies there were came mainly by clandestine shipments from Europe to New York and Philadelphia†¦ At present there was only enough for about nine rounds per man.† (28) Washington, being originally from Virginia, had some issues with quickly learning the lay of the land. In Boston this was not aRead MorePerseverance Is Key To Success1844 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"Through perseverance many people win success out of what seemed destined to be certain failure†(Benjamin Disraeli). Perseverance is a trait that is key to success in the f uture. Everybody is going to face a time in their life where an obstacle is in front of them and they have to avoid it to keep going. During these times individuals are going to want to quit and give up. This is when perseverance comes into play. With perseverance people will take on this obstacle and find a way to get throughRead MoreNelson Mandela: A Brief Biography1090 Words   |  4 PagesIn 1951, the Separation Representation of Voters Act led to the removal of colored from the voting process. They were no longer considered citizens of South Africa. From 1976 to 1981, there were four homelands were created to segregated and denounce nine million South Africans. Africans living in homelands needed passbooks to stating all there information. The government wanted to separate white and black South Africans all together. During this time period, Nelson Mandela in 1942, enrolled forRead MoreA Run in Someone Elses Gym Shoes Essay1025 Words   |  5 Pagesteam sessions and the personal training fits to your schedule so you don’t have to worry about planning in advance or having to cancel/ reschedule any sessions! Cardinal Fitness is great for working out on your own too, although you need a little more perseverance to push yourself and get results. For amenities, they have locker-rooms, showers (although they do not provide you any towels), and stretching areas. My grandpa goes to this gym because he likes the simplicity of it. You can guess that

The Jewish Culture During World War II - 1508 Words

The Jewish culture during World War II was primarily the target of terror. These people were brutally murdered, sent to concentration camps where they were sent to pretty much die, and also their way of life was almost destroyed. The Nazi’s ran terror on these citizens for years during the war. Even though all this was brought down onto the Jewish citizens, they were still able to fight back. What different acts of resistance was there? Who was all participating in the resistance? How were they able to obtain their resources for their revolts? Where was the resistance happening at? In this essay, it will describe to the readers of a couple instances where the Jewish resistance happened, such as; the Sobribor concentration camp revolt, the†¦show more content†¦A small group of Jewish prisoners who they were considered the underground committee, they planned a small revolt and escape. The reason for this revolt is because stated by Philip Bialowitz in A Promise at Sobib or Our fears of liquidation only worsen when the transports begin arriving at less frequent intervals in July. People begin thinking even more seriously of any way to save themselves or to at least take some measure of vengeance before the Germans kill us. The revolt began around October 14th at 4pm. They were supposed to slowly and silently kill off SS staff. Someone made a duplicate key to the armory room, so they were able to obtain some weapons from there. The first kill was an SS soldier with an axe, and the Jewish prisoners went on to kill another 10 guards. The telephone wires were cut, and with guns in hands they were aiming down the guard towers. When chaos broke out the remaining guards shot at the prisoners. Roughly about 300 prisoners escaped but only 50 of them survived the war. Right after the revolt the camp was dismantled. Michael Berenbaum wrote in his article Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, As part of Adolf Hitler’s final solution for ridding Europe of Jews, the Nazis established ghettos in areas under German control to confine Jews until they could be executed. The Warsaw ghetto, enclosed at first with barbed wire but later with a brick wall 10 feet high and 11 miles long, comprised the old JewishShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Wwii On Jewish History1362 Words   |  6 PagesDecember 11, 2015 The Impact of WWII on Jewish History In Germany in 1939, the German Nazis took down almost all of Europe, and on their way, 64.5 million people, including six million Jewish people. This war could have extinguished the Jewish culture. According to Holocaust Encyclopedia, this is some of the aftermath of the Holocaust (2). The Anglo-Americans discovered piles of corpses after WWII. Soldiers also found starving and sick Jewish and non-Jewish survivors. Survivors were afraid to returnRead More Nationalism In The Middle East Essay1564 Words   |  7 Pages The study of international relations is very broad and complex. It is the study of nations and states and how they are formed. It is also the study of measures, such as revolutions and wars, that create different nations and states and the reasons behind such measures. One important concept in international relations is the view of nationalism. Nationalism is a part of every nation and state and thus is relevant to each country. An important geographical area where nationalism relates directly toRead MoreThe Holocaust During World War II1356 Words   |  6 PagesDuring World War II, the world witnessed unspeakable acts of violence, particularly that of the Holocaust. The Holocaust was a mass genocide primarily of, but not limited to, the Jewish popula tion in Germany, and other countries that were controlled by Germany. From 1941 to 1945, the Jews were targeted and methodically murdered because of Hitler’s views of his Utopian society made up of an Aryan a race. Hitler fought to create this society through creating an anti-Semitic movement, his motivationRead MoreOskar Schindler Saved Jews during World War II822 Words   |  3 Pages Oskar Schindler was a hero in World War II. He endured many conflicts. The main battle he faced was during World War II. During World War II, Oskar Schindler was a German businessman who saved Jews in Poland and Czechoslovakia from death by employing them in his factory (â€Å"Oskar Schindler† 362). World War II began on September 1, 1939 (Colby 546). The War lasted for six years between the Axis powers, Germany, Italy, Japan, and the Allied powers, Great Britain, France, Soviet UnionRead MoreThe Fascination Of The Holocaust1584 Words   |  7 Pagesof the holocaust is an absolutely interesting yet touching time that took place during WWII. The holocaust evolved slowly during 1933 and 1945 which later on began with the discrimination. Many jews were taken from their homes and forced into camps in places like Auschwitz and lived in poor conditions then later killed for no reason. Nazi’s sought out to murder the entire the Jewish population and destroy its culture of Europe, but they did not act alone. They had help and were supported by peopleRead MoreThe Jewish Community1104 Words   |  5 PagesThe Jewish community is Kalisz, Poland, was heralded as both the oldest Jewish community and the most populous, numbering at 15,300 Jews in 1939, or 30% of the total Jew ish population worldwide. As a result of the Second World War, this no community no longer exists (â€Å"Jewish Community†). The catastrophic affects of the Holocaust and this war on the Jewish community is virtually uncontested today, however the exact toll it had is difficult to ascertain; exact statistics of the camps and of the exodusesRead MoreThe holocaust959 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Year 10 Humanities 2013 Unit 2: World War 2 Task 2 The Holocaust The Causes of the Holocaust The Process of the Holocaust In 1933, the Jewish population of Europe stood at over nine million. Most European Jews lived in countries that Germany would occupy during World War II. By 1945, the Germans killed nearly two out of every three European Jews as part of the Final Solution, the Nazi policy to murder the Jews of Europe. Although Jews, whom the Nazis deemed a priority danger toRead More Jewish Reactions to the Holocaust: A Learned Behavior Essay1667 Words   |  7 PagesJewish Reactions to the Holocaust: A Learned Behavior When thinking of Jewish persecution, images of Nazi Germany, concentration camps, and the Holocaust are most likely to be conjured. Although these images do represent the attempted destruction of the Jews, persecution actually began thousands of years earlier. The Holocaust, or Final Solution, which was the destruction of European Jews by the Nazis, was the culmination of attempts by other groups to eradicate Jews from their society.1 ReactingRead MoreThe Holocaust : An Special Incident958 Words   |  4 Pagesand a half millennia, the Jewish people have faced hardship and intolerance from various groups living beside them. A number of historians however believe that of all the atrocities committed against the Jewish people, none parallel the Holocaust. While these historians believe that the Holocaust was a unique occurrence, history rejects this notion of Nazi anti-semitism being an special incident. Disregarding preceding events, most notably the enslavement of the Jewish people by the Egyptians,Read MoreAdolf Hitlers Belief Affected the World1513 Words   |  6 PagesHow Adolf Hitler’s Beliefs Affected Many Involved in World War II Adolf Hitler to some people, is considered one of the most infamous political rulers ever. Hitler was a German politician, and leader of the Nazi Party from 1933 to 1945 (Gale). While trying to seize control of Germany, Hitler was able to recruit new members from the German Workers Party and change the name, so that it would be well known in cities such as Munich. Finally in 1920 the name of the group was changed to the more eye-catching

English Original Writing Coursework Free Essays

Wake up, Awaken every tingling inch of your body to engage in an experience so saturated with nirvana that you’d think you were dreaming. The ocean sparkling like a gallery, putting its most prized gems in the reach of the common man. The sun shines like a perpetual red carpet, spread out across the entire beach. We will write a custom essay sample on English Original Writing Coursework or any similar topic only for you Order Now Absorb the sun. Taste the tranquillity. Savour the serenity. A slow burn scorches your feet, but there’s always a price to pay even for the unexplored nirvana exposed in it’s purest form. The heat merely pushes you forward by means of a slow blistering pain. Seeing through the veil of sunshine, you spot a series of rocks huddled together, forming a cliff; the very cliff that you will release yourself from. Release your demons, forsake them, and cast them into the sea. No more writhing sense of loneliness. No more craving for a deciphering of your soul. The real world does not exist here, neither do your problems. All that exists now is the sunshine that warms you up from the harsh cold of life. The serene sight of a thousand diamonds scattered over blue plains. The smell of salty seas will soon to leave you dripping and soaked with euphoria. You hear the seas calling with its thundering waves. The sacramental sea of happiness gently cleanses all your traumas. Though you don’t seem to be the only one who stumbled on this goldmine, you are the only one that can comprehend its beauty. You were chosen, to feel the exquisite chills down your spine that none of your peers ever will. Welcome to your very own pseudo-narcotic experience. Side effects may include a possessing urge to never leave. You may leave the experience, but it will never leave you. Preying on your mind, this memory will be your most constant cause for procrastination. Transfixed and hypnotised, you make yourself a primitive bed-like stage of consciousness as you cross the bridge of clarity, built with time. As you watch the sky turn from merry to melancholy; from illuminating blue to mesmerizing orange and before it gets a chance to turn pitch black, you hear the sound of a barrage of cleansing bullets. Stretch out your hands, open your mouth, embrace nature in its truest form. Prepare yourself. The rain creeps up into you, injecting you from all sides with a high you’ve never felt before. As you lie on the cliff, embracing Mother Nature, free of troubles, the sun takes refuge. Behind the blanket of clouds at first and gradually the supposedly everlasting bed of light disappears beyond the horizon. The waves crash through the silence of the dead night like a wrecking ball through the crumbling pillars of tranquillity. Every wave crashing down is yet another chant calling for you to be enveloped in the mysticism of a nocturnal paradise. Every raindrop to bless your tormented skin is another reason for you to stay. Your feet reap the reward for bearing the burden of heat soothing itself in the cool soothing sand. So soothing, you couldn’t dream of achieving this in a hyper-real lucid dream. The rain had done its job, showering its blessings on you, making yourself one step closer to transcending into a state of consciousness that acts as nothing less than a gold-mine of serenity. You rise up, and let go of everything that you’ve ever known. All that guides you now, is animalistic instinct. You’re literally soaked in bliss and this will be a moment that you remember, your tongue tasting the rain and your feet embracing the cold mix of hard rock and sand. Unclench your fists; let the colour come back to your palms. And holding your hands out to all of the Earth, you run. Your feet thudding and leaping between tiny gaps between rocks, spaces big enough to let your foot get trapped there; yet, unsurprisingly, nothing happens. And reaching the peak of this sacramental cliff, your adrenalin reaches inhumane levels as you take one last dive into the never-ending abyss of serenity. You wish you could slow down the sensation that travelled ferociously through your entire body as it welcomes the cold water. Mere words can only do so much to describe it; and this is where it’s magnitude of peacefulness is one undefined by vocabulary. How to cite English Original Writing Coursework, Papers

Wiston Churchill free essay sample

Winston Churchill Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill known by the name Winston Churchill. He was born November 30, 1874; he then died January 24, 1965. Winston was born into the aristocratic family of the Dukes of Marlborough. From the age two to the age six he lived in Dublin where his grandfather had been appointed Viceroy. Winston’s earliest exposure to education was in Dublin, where a governess tried teaching him reading, writing, and arithmetic. Independent and rebellious by nature Winston normally did poorly in school, he was punished for doing so. He was educated at three independent schools: St. George’s School, Brunswick School, and at Harrow School, from April 17, 1888. After weeks of arriving at Harrow Winston had joined the Harrow Rifle Corps. He had earned high marks in English and History and he was the school’s fencing champion. After Winston left Harrow in 1893 he applied to attend the Royal Military College. It took Winston three tries to pass the college’s entrance exam. We will write a custom essay sample on Wiston Churchill or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page After getting in Winston then applied for cavalry rather than applying for infantry. Winston did this because the grade requirement was lower. In December of 1894 Winston graduated eighth out of a class of hundred and fifty. Unlike doing what his father wanted him to do Winston stayed in cavalry and was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the fourth Queen’s Own Hussars on February 20, 1895. In 1941 he received the honor of being appointed Colonel of the Hussars. In 1900 he retired from the regular army and in the 1902 he joined the Imperial Yeomanry, where he was commissioned as a Captain in the Queen’s Own Oxfordshire Hussars on January 4, 1902. On May 10, 1940 George IV asked Winston Churchill to be prime minister. The first thing Winston did was wrote a letter to Chamberlain to thank him for all of his support. Winston was the first to recognize the growing threat of Hitler long before the outset of World War II and his warnings had gone greatly unattended. Although there was an element of British public and political sentiment favoring negotiated peace with a clearly ascendant Germany, among them the Foreign Secretary Lord Halifax. Winston nonetheless refused to consider a truce with Hitler’s Germany. By refusing the truce with Germany, Winston kept resistance alive in the Britain Empire and created the basis for the later allied counter-attacks of 1942 to 1945. Although Winston’s role in the World War II had generated much support for him amongst the British population, he was defeated in the 1945 election. It was anticipated that Winston would step down and hand over the leadership to Anthony Eden, who became his deputy after the election defeat but Winston was determined to fight on as leader and Eden was too loyal to challenge his leadership. It was another decade before Winston finally handed over the reins to Eden. After the General Election of 1951, Winston again held the office of Minister of Defense between October 1951 and January 1952. He also became prime minister in October 1951, and his third government after the wartime national government and the brief caretaker government of 1945 lasted until his resignation in April 1955. His domestic priorities in his last government were overshadowed by a series of foreign policy crises. As a young child who always got into trouble, Winston turned his life around the moment he joined the Harrow Rifle Corps.

Population Control Essays (792 words) - Population, Demography

Population Control In early years human population and population growth has not been an issue. This is because of the variety of different environmental factors. Sickness and disease has played a large role in keeping human population under control since the beginning of time. It seemed that when a population would get over crowded an epidemic such as, the influenza or small pox would break out. This would drastically decrease the population enough that it would be under control again. Famine is another great controller of population. When a famine strikes an area only the few with enough food will be able to reproduce or even survive. An examination of world population control would not be complete with out including war. War also performs wonders at controlling population by murdering most men of child rearing age. In today's day and age, with our current technology increases disease outbreak and famine (except in some 3rd world countries) is not much of a factor any more. War is not considered a valid population control method due to today's "new" wars. Without the three largest population controllers much of a factor anymore population is free to run out of control. This provides us with an ever-increasing controversy; this is whether government or society should dictate family size. I believe that society can infringe indirect controls over family size, but these are considered more community norms as opposed to hard fast rules such as governments can set. Two examples will follow. First, we will look at our society. Yes, the USA's turn to no child and one child families. This was caused by society. Society pushes Americans to have successful careers both male and female. There has been a switch from families to careers. This not providing Americans with the time or means for multiple children, but cutting the number down to one or none. Another example of society's control, is the push in some Asian/Middle Eastern countries for a family's first child to be male. Even when there is no government regulation many cultures push for your first child to be male. This forces families to abort females and even murder them once they have been born. Once again this is a society/cultural push not a mandated rule. These instances are what different societies have created for themselves, when included in one of these societies it is hard to say whether it is right or wrong. I will first address the aspect that government should not control family size. First of all, it is a natural and religious right to produce offspring. Breed, multiply and populate has been the belief since the beginning of time. The idea is to grow population so that our beliefs and way of life may be spread and passed on. Who is government to take these right away? Governmental control over family size goes against everything that the USA stands for. This would be an age-old idea called freedom. When a government starts dictating the kind and size of family a person can have. Almost all freedom is lost. Another topic briefly addressed above is the aborting and murdering of babies that aren't male. A first hand example of this is China. China regulates or gives incentives to families that only produce one child. This is where the problem begins because most families want this child to be male. Male children are providers and will go out and join the working world. They will be "successful". Many female babies are aborted once sex is determined. If sex is not determined before birth, once born many female babies are abandoned or destroyed. This showing the cruelty that government controlled family size will push people to. Government should control family size because in most instances the general population can not handle this for themselves. A prime example of this is our already over crowded inner cities. People with chemical addictions and no financial means are cranking out babies right and left. They have no means of providing for all of these children. Government currently provides for these under privileged children, that as cruel as it sounds, should not have been born. I have had a first hand example of this problem. A family friend in another state has adopted three crack babies from the same mother; this mother is also on welfare. This certain mother is by no means an exception. China is another example of why government needs to control population. Look at the current problems that they are faced with because in previous years they have done

Refflection Example

Refflection Example Refflection – Book Report/Review Example Public Relation in Entrepreneurship Dutch explains public relations as activities that engage the buyer through communication tools. Such communication tools include annual reports, speeches, and news in special events (1). Public relation activities aim at giving the prospective buyer an opinion about a product. The direct benefit of public relation is that it establishes an emotion about a product that creates an attraction to the customer. Public relation (PR) can be useful in communicating directly with the customer, business leaders and government officials. PR uses the media to convey messages to the public and customers. PR activities build the brand of a product and influence sales indirectly. PR in combination with marketing can make a business successful. Marketing connects a product to the customer while PR provides methods that make the customer aware of the products (4).According to Dutch, public relations and advertising have certain differences relating to marketing (5 ). Public relation is a marketing tool that promotes a feeling about something and uses the media to fulfill this. It involves using a reporter to report a certain opinion and news coverage. Public relation consumers have a higher opinion and it works throughout to influence opinion. On the other hand, advertising is an engineered marketing message that attempts to sell a product. It involves paying for space or time in the media and the main goal is to sell a product. In advertising consumers are aware that the advertiser has complete control. It is immediate and creates specific response. Public relation and advertisement create attention and awareness to customers and promotes marketing. Besides the differences, PR is more effective in marketing than advertisement (Dutch 26). A good seller must have PR skills to be successful in marketing.Work CitedDutch, Alyson. A PR Handbook for Entrepreneurs. Malibu: Brown + Dutch Public Relations Inc., 2012.

Wealth management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Wealth management - Essay Example There is no standard definition for wealth management that will be generally accepted, though according to Maude â€Å"a basic definition for wealth management would be financial services provided to wealthy clients, mainly individuals and their families† (Maude, 2006). â€Å"a type of financial service that combines personal investments, tax planning strategies, estate planning and legal counsel. It is designed to provide a broad array of services within the confines of one office† Detailing the key elements that differentiate their services from other forms of retail financial institutions, wealth managers draw attention to the exclusiveness of their client relationships, which are extensive in that they cover all aspects of a client’s financial life, and with great respect to the adviser’s devoted knowledge of a client’s priorities and values. Likewise, this breadth and depth of the manager-client relationship allows the wealth manager to form and apply specially designed solutions that meet all key elements of a client’s financial welfare. The following three criteria distinguish a firm as a wealth manager: - The relationship between wealth managers and their clients, in regard to both terms of breadth (such as â€Å"holistic†, â€Å"comprehensive†, and â€Å"all-inclusive†) and depth (â€Å"intimate† and â€Å"individualised†). Since wealth management has scored the fastest growing in late 1990, all of the financial services industry sector and even through the recession after that wealth management still attracts investors. In term of the population growth the number of millionaires till 2006 the number increased which is more than 7% a year referring to the devolved in the economy in Europe and North America. â€Å"Given that financial markets and economic growth in 2008 has been far worse so far than 2007, I expect flat growth or a contraction in the millionaire population in 2008.

Investment Strategy and Portfolio Management Essay - 2

Investment Strategy and Portfolio Management - Essay Example The types of investment are real investment, fixed assets, or financial investments, basically agreement made on contracts such as securities, bonds among others. The purchase of financial investments leads to the purchase of real investments. Financial investments also give the buyer a realm into a look in real investments. Having a great financial investment requires the buyer and portfolio manager to have great investment philosophies.An investment philosophy is thinking about how markets work, varieties that affect stocks in the market and the varieties of assumptions that investors do make. Investment strategies are basically designed to make use of this mistakes that are made by investors to make a gain out of them. There are several factors that affect the investments assumptions made by investors. They include: Human behavioral traits, human beings do behave and coordinate different as nature has put it. But while this is so, most human beings have a tendency to believe in majority or crowds being right especially on decisions. Thus for every momentum investor, who tends to invest in places where he sees crowds investing owing to the believe that they could be right in the terms of gain being brought about by the investment, there tends to be another person who doesn’t believe in the same, contradictory. The contradict ends up investing in other securities rather than the common one. while this in the short run tends to be a total failure for the contradict in the long term the prices end to push and pull each other due to market factors and do variant in the long term bringing benefits to both. Markets efficiency is another factor to consider for a great investment policy. Markets are an organized system that collects buyers and sellers in one place for the exchange of goods and services. Securities are traded in various types of markets. Some do have a physical location while others do

International finance structure and IPE of international Debt Essay

International finance structure and IPE of international Debt - Essay Example The diagram also illustrates the law of demand. Fewer dollars will be demanded when the price of a dollar increases according to the law of demand. The chapter also provides appropriate examples, the Microsoft Vista example is very appropriate to understand how the exchange rate works in different countries. Interest rates also play a pivotal role in determining the value of a dollar. Business expectations also play a crucial role in determining the exchange rate, since Mexican Peso has been taken up as an example it is very important to also consider interest rates in Mexico and business expectations in Mexico. Capital gain is another subject that the chapter highlights. The business expectations in the United States are juxtaposed with the business expectations in Mexico. The demand part is initially presented in the chapter and the second part of the chapter comprehensively explains the supply side of the Dollar and how it relates to the Mexican economy. National income in the Uni ted States also plays a key role in the supply of the Dollar. ... same concept can be applied to different currencies and its exchange rate can easily be found out and in addition to this the factors affecting the exchange rate can also be found out. Foreign exchange rates are comprehensively explained in the following parts of chapter 7. Gold standard, Bretton Woods and floating exchange rate are the three most important exchange rate structures that have been used to determine the exchange rate. The Bretton Woods system of exchange was introduced in the year 1944 and the system was established in the Bretton Woods conference in New Hampshire. There is rapid growth and development taking place all across the globe, to make sure that everything goes on well, a system which should stabilize the growth is a must. This paper will throw light upon the advantages of the Bretton Woods system and it will also provide a comprehensive understanding of the Bretton Woods fixed exchange rate system. The system has very old roots, after the devastating World Wa r one all the countries wanted financial security to make sure that economic growth in the country takes place. The great depression in the 1929 was a result of the failure in the introduction of gold standard. Each and every currency intentionally deflated its currency in order to get high margin of profit from the exports which would decrease the deficit from the country’s economy. The same had an adverse affect on all the countries, it triggered off international deflation, and this majorly impacted many countries, mass unemployment increased, big enterprises were going bankrupt, global economy witnessed hyper inflation. There were talks held among the representatives of various countries to form a system which would bring stability with regard to the financial and economic well being

Negligence Project Manager In Construction Industry

Negligence Project Manager In Construction Industry CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Negligence of project manager in construction industry Construction industry is one of the contributors to economic development of the country. It is consists of many parties involved having different background and expertise in projects. Project manager as a leader of the project plays important role in managing project. However, as a human being, people could not run away from make a mistake or negligence in performing a task or responsible. Negligence of project manager would be discussed in giving the best performance of project manager by learning the past mistake. 2.2 Definition of negligence Negligence done by project manager is where project manager does not carry out duty of care to other parties and as a result, the other parties suffer losses, damages and others because of that negligence. Negligence also can be determined as misconduct (or malpractice) of professionals fail in carrying out their tasks efficiently. As referred to MC Nair Judges in Bolam v. Friern Hospital Management Committee, negligence in law means a failure to do some act which a reasonable man in the circumstances would do, or the doing of some act which a reasonable man in the circumstances would not do; and if that failure or the doing of that act results in injury, then there is a cause of action. Willick (1986) stated that Malpractice is an application of negligence law by which liability is usually imposed, not when professionals fail to achieve certain results, but when they fail to exercise due diligence and reasonable care in their practices. Hingun M. and Wan Azlan Ahmad (1998) stated that the word negligence can be used in three principal senses which are: 1. First, it could refer to a persons mental element, his negligence as to the possible effects of his conduct 2. Secondly, it may refer to the quality of a persons conduct that he is negligent in doing something such as crossing the road or driving his car, or in failing to do something such as to accompany his small child in a place that may turn out to have objects that could cause injury to that child. In this sense the word negligence indicates the standard or quality of the conduct. 3. Thirdly, the word refers to a branch of tort law which imposes a certain standard of care on people in certain circumstances: this means that they are under an obligation not to conduct themselves below the standard, and if they do, they are liable in law to compensate the person who has suffered as a consequence of their careless act. As what been stated in the case Donoghue v Stevenson [1932], Not every careless act or fault on the part of a professional gives rise to liability in negligence, even where damage is sustained by another as a result. Negligence also can be defined as the failure to use reasonable care. It also could be the doing of something which a reasonably prudent person would not do, or the failure to do something which a reasonably prudent person would do under like circumstances1. Negligence is a legal cause of damage if it directly and in natural and continuous sequence produces or contributes substantially to producing such damage, so it can reasonably be said that if not for the negligence, the loss, injury or damage would not have occurred. Negligence is also might be a legal cause of damage even though it operates in combination with the act of another, a natural cause, or some other cause if the other cause occurs at the same time as the negligence and if the negligence contributes substantially to producing such damage.2 Furthermore, generally a party who has caused an injury or loss to another in consequence of his negligence is responsible for all the consequences. An example of this may be found in the case of a person who drives a car during a dark night on the wrong side of the road and injures another.3 _______________________________________________________________________ 1 http://www.lectlaw.com Aaron Larson (2003) stated that in general terms, negligence is the failure to use ordinary care through either an act or omission. That is, negligence occurs when: Somebody does not exercise the amount of care that a reasonably careful person would use under the circumstances; or Somebody does something that a reasonably careful person would not do under the circumstances.4 Negligence is often defined as consisting of a breach of duty. That is wrong. The duty in such a case can be defined only as a duty to use care, i.e., not to act negligently; and to define the duty so, and then to define negligence as consisting of a breach of the duty, is to define in a circle. The misconception has arisen from a failure to distinguish between a negligent wrong, which, like all wrongs, involves a breach of duty, and the negligence itself, which is one element in the wrong.5 4 http://www.expertlaw.com/library/personal_injury/negligence.html 5 29 Harv. L. Rev. 40 (1915-1916) Negligence; Terry, Henry T. 2.3 Element of Liability As a project manager, he or she responsible in managing project successfully and have liability towards the project. Liability of project manager such as planning, leading, controlling, organizing, co-coordinating available resources (i.e. people or material) and others in order to make the project completed efficiently. Project manager can not be easily being judge in doing negligent in the construction project. There are some requirement that had been stated in some books on element of liability where in order one party to be judge as breach of contract or negligent in the project, plaintiff must show or prove that the defendant (project manager) done something wrong or make mistake in conducting their duties. Hussin A.A. (2006) stated that there are four elements of negligence. The plaintiff in an action for negligence must show: 1. That the defendant owed him a duty of care 2. Considering the first of these elements, it is necessary to decide whether in the particular circumstances one person (the defendant) owed a duty of care to the other (plaintiff). 3. That there was a breach of that duty 4. That recoverable damage was thereby caused. Sweet J. (2000) had stated the elements of negligence by saying that to justify a conclusion that the defendant was negligent, the plaintiff must establish the following: 1. The defendant owed a duty to the plaintiff to conform o a certain standard of conduct in order to protect the plaintiff against unreasonable risk of harm. 2. The defendant did not conform to the standard required 3. A reasonably close causal connection existed between the conduct of the defendant and the injury to the plaintiff. 4. The defendant invaded a legally protected interest of the plaintiff. Finola OFarrell Q.C. stated that in order to establish a claim in negligence, it is necessary for a claimant to satisfy the following requirements: 1. The existence in law of a duty of care 2. Behaviour that falls below the standard of care imposed by law 3. A causal connection between the defendants conduct and the damage 4. Damage falling within the scope of the duty Aaron Larson (2003) listed four elements of a negligence action. A typical formula for evaluating negligence requires that a plaintiff prove the following four factors by a preponderance of the evidence: 1. The defendant owed a duty to the plaintiff (or a duty to the general public, including the plaintiff); 2. The defendant violated that duty; 3. As a result of the defendants violation of that duty, the plaintiff suffered injury; and 4. The injury was a reasonably foreseeable consequence of the defendants action or inaction. 2.4 Types of negligence Hussin A. A. (2006) stated Negligence of professional can be divided into two which are negligence in giving statement (misstatement) or Negligence caused erroneous statement and Negligence in the performance of duties (in addition to advice). As referred to the statement above, there are two types of negligence. Negligence caused erroneous statement can be determined as negligence made by project manager regarding their wrong statement given to the any other parties in construction project. Negligence in the performance of duties (in addition to advice) including check the site, design, prepare budgets, prepare bills of quantity, selecting contractors, using the terms of the contract, comply with the law and practice, administer contracts, oversee the work, provide work instructions, and review work to make recommendations (work and progress payments). Project manager can be said negligent in the performance of duties because they not they are not comply their duties and carrying out the task properly such as not selecting the best contractors, not administer the contracts efficiently and others. There are several examples of negligence that can be categorized under Negligence caused erroneous statement and Negligence in the performance of duties. 2.4.1 Negligence in giving advice There is one case where project managers may be found negligent in performing their task such as failed to advise their clients about inappropriate construction materials. In that case, project manager is not really failed to advice their client because they do advice their client verbally but not record it in writing. However, project manager has obliged his obligation or duties to give advice and warn his client but it is also clients obligation to take into consideration advice given by project manager. There is the case: Pride Valley Foods v Hall and Partners In case Pride Valley Foods v Hall and Partners which had been occurred in June 2001 is about Pride Valley who intended to expand their small company specializing in baking pitta and nan breads. Pride Valley decided to build a factory for expanding their business in County Durham which is located in the North East of England. Pride Valley had been advised by their financial backers to approach Hall Partners as Pride Valley had no experience in design and build contract and also in construction. Hall Partners had been engaged by Pride Valley as their project managers for the construction of a factory in Country Durham. Hall Partners is a well-known local firm of quantity surveyors and estate agents. The issue is Pride Valley wanted keep costs down and Hall Partners proposed to Pride Valley to use expanded polystyrene panels as partitioning. Hall Partners had informed to Pride Valley the risk of using expanded polystyrene verbally and not in writing. As a result, expanded polystyrene panels were used as partitioning was destroying the factory. As stated by Molloy J.B. (YEAR) expert evidence agreed that the fire had developed at the bottom of a flue serving the pitta bread line due to a build up of cooking deposits in the flue, and spread to the expanded polystyrene wall panels which rapidly spread the fire through the entire building with such force that it was too dangerous for fire-fighters to even enter the building in order to put the fire out. Pride Valley decided to sue Hall Partners for the consequences. Hall Partners had been blamed by Pride Valley because of failing to discharge project managers duty of care and also to warn them. Hall Partners maintained that they had given advice verbally with Pride Valley. But, the court held that Hall Partners had failed to give appropriate advice to Pride Valley as project managers. Although Hall Partners had given advice verbally, the judge did not consider it because they failed to record it in writing. However, the judge rejected Pride Valleys claim because the court further held that Pride Valley would not have taken Hall Partners advice if it had been given whereas merely focused on the cheapest cost of the building by using expanded polystyrene that given risk. Patten B.(2003) stated project managers role in concerned with supervision and co-ordination and however there are also a project manager that failed to control particular aspects of the costs, failed to ensure that other construction professionals had access to correct information or failed to prevent another construction professional from making an important error. Furthermore, Patten B. (2003) shows that there is contributory negligence of project manager to the project. One case had been stated where project manager failed to warn his client regarding the special panels. Special panels which client intends to use were not suitable because of highly combustible and the chance of fire spreading throughout the building is high. Hence, court decided to reduce the damages that need to be recovered by the claimant and also the loss caused by the fire will be covered 50 percent by the project manager. It is because, project manager is the person who did not take reasonable actions in preventing the loss happen because of fire and project manager plays an important in coordinating and supervising the project. Blame on project manager regarding this case would give bad impression to professional performance in construction industry by parties involved in the project. Supposedly, as project manager, they should avoid this negligence by discussing clien ts requirement first and take reasonable steps in preventing bad things happen in site. Project manager acts to coordinating the works and supervise the progress of work. Project manager owed duty of care to review the programme and ensure that the project on programme by using reasonable endeavors. There are two cases had been discussed by Patten B. (2003) which is Chesham Properties Ltd v. Bucknall Austin Project Management Services Ltd and Royal Brompton Hospital NHS Trust v. Hammond and others. 2.4.2 Negligence in performing his duty of care Project manager holding big responsibilities in making project successfully completed. However, as a human being there are some of responsibilities that project manager does not realize on it. There is a case regarding this issue: (a) Pozzolanic Lytag Ltd v Bryan Hobson Associates (1998) This case involved in construction of a dome. Bryan Hobson Associates (BHA) is an engineer that being engaged as project manager by Pozzolanic Lytag. BHAs were responsible to the design and construction of storage facilities for pulverised fuel ash. That is project manager responsible to successfully complete the project. As the construction completed, the works designed by the Contractor collapsed and there is no-one had taken out the required insurance. Insurance is very important in order to protect the product of construction at the end of the project and also important during the construction stage. However, insurance should be taken out in order to protect construction product even after the construction completed for certain period. In this case, BHA had been blamed by Pozzolanic Lytag because of failure in ensuring the insurance was in place and insurance also must be updated for certain period. However, BHA said that they did not know that it was their job to check on the in surance and they did not know anything about insurance. As project manager, they should take note their obligation or duty of care towards clients interest although they were not expert in several aspects. However, that is the challenges that project manager are going faced on. Hence, the court found out that project managers did not relieve their responsibility although they lacked the expertise regarding insurances. As what been judged by court, project manager should be able to find out the way they carry themselves in handling this kind of problems. Although that kind of thing is not project managers expertise but it is still under project managers responsibility to look into those aspects. (b) Chesham Properties Ltd v Bucknall Austin Project Management Services (1996) In this case, Bucknall Austin had been appointed as project manager by property developer which is Chesham Properties. Chesham Properties involved in a scheme to develop a site known as Royal Court House in Cadogan Place, London. This issue of case was the contractor was given an extension of time where it supposedly not be granted to contractor. Contractor had been awarded extensions of time just because to cover up the failings by the professional team. The project also had overrun in cost and time. Chesham Properties found out that Bucknall Austin was breached the contract and also negligent in performing their duties. Furthermore, Chesham also argued that there should be an implied terms to Bucknall Austin as a project manager where the deficiency of works might affect or contribute to defects in the work, increase costs or delay completion. Hence, as a project managers duty was to warn Chesham regarding the deficiencies in the performance of parties involved. Besides, as a project manager he had an obligation to inform Chesham Properties. As a result, the developer sued the whole professional team. The court also found out that project manager was under a duty of care to report to the developer on deficiencies in the performance of the rest of the professional team and project manager was negligent in failing to do so. The judge was of the view that: The Project Manager was plainly under a duty, on the true construction of the contract in such terms and made in such context, to report to the plaintiff on deficiencies in performance on the part of its co-defendants. In this case, project manager owed a duty of care to inform employer regarding the deficiencies in the work of the other professionals. 2.4.3 Negligence in supervision or inspection According to R.M. Jackson and J.L. Powell (1992), the architect or engineer in general necessary inspects the construction building properly either before or during construction of a structure. As a project manager that having background either architect or engineer or quantity surveyor must be able to do inspection or supervision efficiently. In book written by Hussin A.A.(2006), there are statement by R.J. Kemelfield where architects, engineers or contractors may be held liable for losses incurred by the client if they failed to inspect building sites with the right methods. These include inspection when work is being undertaken especially during the excavation work was completed. There is one case regarding engineers negligence in their duties. This case is between Moneypenny vs. Hartland where in that case, an engineer had been found negligent for failing to examine the form of land that will accommodate the basic construction of a bridge which can be called as foundation of the bridge. Consequences of this failure, he has made assessment of the costs that are too low for construction. This case is about engineers fault because he or she does not examine the form of land effectively. As what we can interpret from this case was engineer makes a mistake because in examining the form of land is actually can be classified under engineers liability in construction project. Hence, engineer can be said as negligence in the performance of duties and not comply duty of care and their liability as a professional. However, in case Columbus Co. vs. Clowes is about an architect has been found negligent for failing to assess and measure a site. He just depends on what was told to him by third parties. Consequently he has been drawing plans and specifications based on dimensions smaller than the actual dimensions of the site. This is another case that involve architect as professional in construction project. In this case, architect failed in carrying out their task which is fails in assessing and measuring a site. Basically, as referred to this case, architect was found guilty and negligent because they do not do their job effectively and only referring to the third party to get information to draw the plains and specification. It shows that, architect that involved in that project do make any effort to get information and not carrying out their task earnestly. As what been discussed above, it shows that engineer, architect and any other professional were found guilty in carrying their task. As a professional, they are the person who can take responsibility in being project manager. As they failed to perform their duties, they might face the problem once they being a project manager. However, it can be done by studying project management before they come into project manager world. It can reduce the probability to give high risk in negligence during the construction project or after the project completed. There are other cases that relates to inadequate supervision which are: Jameson v. Simon Leicester Guardians v. Trollope Clay v. A.J. Crump Sons Ltd. (a) Jameson v. Simon Regarding on this case, architect was held negligent in failing to inspect work efficiently. In order to certify that the work had been executed according to the contract, supervision by architect required. However, in this case architect failed to inspect the bottoming of the cement floor of a house either before or at the time the floor was laid. The bottoming was subsequently found to consist of waste material and to be the cause of dry rot. There was an evidence to show that architect had done his supervision by visiting site in average once a week. Architect also had given as much supervision and inspection as it was customary to give according to the practice of architects. But that practice was insufficient to absolve the architect for failure to inspect so important a part of the work. (b) Leicester Guardians v. Trollope Regarding on this case, by referring to Jackson and Powell (1992) stated that architect was held negligent in failing to supervise the laying of concrete. He had contended that it was for the clerk of works to supervise it. Channel J. rejected the contention, considering that the laying of the concrete was a very important matter since a large area had to be covered. He continued if the architect had taken steps to see that the first block was all right, and had then told the clerk of works that the work in the others was to be carried out in the same way. I would have been inclined to hold that the architect had done his duty, but in fact he did nothing to see that the design was complied with. In my view this was not a matter of detail which could be left with the clerk of works. (c) Clay v. A.J. Crump Sons Ltd This case is about architect was requested by the employer to consider whether it was safe to leave standing a wall which subsequently collapsed. Architects duty to the employer may require him to consider and advice upon the need for precautions. (Jackson Powell,1992). Architect as a project manager also has duty to warn any probabilities for problem to come out in order to protect employers interest and successfully completed. 2.4.4 Negligence in selecting contractors Jackson and Powell (1992) stated one point of negligence which is failure to take reasonable steps in selecting contractors. The exercise of reasonable care and skill may require an architect to make reasonable enquiries as to the solvency and capabilities of contractors including nominated sub-contractors in circumstances where he is responsible for their recommendation. An architect was held negligent in failing to put the work of converting a house out to competitive tender in Hutchinson v. Harris. Similarly he should take care when examining the amounts of quotations, not to accept rates which are unreasonable in the circumstances. Valerie Pratt vs. George J. Hill Associated. There is one case about the negligence in giving recommendation or can be said as wrong statement given by professional. That case is Valerie Pratt vs. George J. Hill Associated. This case involves the architect who advised his client that one contractor company is very reliable in performing construction work and based on advice (recommendations) given by architect, the contractor has been appointed by his client. However, then the contractor can not be trusted and work performance by that contractor is very bad. The court found that the architect had violated his duties (duties) to advice, that he was doing wrong statement to his client. In this case, the architect liable in giving advises to the client to choose the committed contractor to complete the job properly. However, architect that act as project manager need to advises the client and recommend the client the best contractor to complete the job but in this case, architect had been judge as doing wrong statement by giving bad recommendation to the client. Architect should investigate the background of the contractor in order to carrying out the task given and not simply choose the contractor by not knowing their experience in construction industry. As a result, project manager need to blame on this matter because they owed the duty of care to the client and not performing their duty efficiently. There is another case where architect or engineer owes a duty of care and have liability for materials in project. As what James M. F. (2002) stated in his book, if the materials selected by the employer without reference to the architect or engineer then the only duty imposed upon the architect or engineer is a duty to warn of any defects in the materials known to him. 2.4.5 Negligence in advising on the suitable contract As a project manager, it is an obligation of project manager in considering the terms of contract and chooses the best contract for client. The exercise of reasonable care and skill may require the architect to advise the employer to reject a particular form of contract or a particular term if disadvantageous to the employers interests, or to refuse to nominate a particular sub-contractor unless he is prepared to guarantee or warrant to the employer the quality or fitness of certain work and materials. (Jackson and Powell, 1992) 2.4.6 Negligence in administering building contract As what been stated by Jackson and Powell (1992), there is a case which is Wilks v. Thingoe (Suffolk) R.D.C. where an architect was held negligent. It is because architect was negligence in having embarked on a course of extravagant expenditure without his employers authority. The position of the architect under the JCT Standard Form of Building contract (1963 edition, July 1971 revision) was recently considered, mainly from the standpoint of its contractual consequences as between employer and contractor, in London Borough of Merton v. Stanley Hugh Leach Ltd. Vinelott J. stated: under the standard conditions the architect acts as the servant or agent of the building owner in supplying the contractor with the necessary drawings, instructions, levels and the like and in supervising the progress of the work and in ensuring that it is properly carried out. He will of course normally though not invariably have been responsible for the design of the work To the extent that the architect performs these duties the building owner contracts with the contractor that the architect will perform them with reasonable diligence and with reasonable skill and care. The contract also, confers on the architect discretionary powers which he must exercise with due regard to the interests of the contractor and the building owner. The building owner does not undertake that the architect will exercise his discretionary powers reasonably; he undertakes that although the architect may be engaged or employed by him will leave him free to exercise his discretions fairly and without imp roper interference by him. 2.2 The Causes of Project Managers Negligence Project managers negligence in construction must leave impacts once it happened against project whether towards the project or parties involved such as workers. However, the causes of project managers negligence will be find out in order to prevent any other project manager from repeating same mistakes in future. As a project manager, they are the best person chosen by client to handle the project successfully. They have capability and expertise in conducting a project is the reasons why client had high expectation towards project manager. However, project manager is different between each other. They studied project management but having different background, experience, level of capability, attitude and etc that bringing different way or style in handling the project. Tunner and Muller (2006) have also shown that a project managers success at managing his or her project is dependent on their competence, particularly their leadership style comprising emotional intelligence, management focus and intellect. As what Badawy M. K. (1988) stated where project manager requires a high degree of flexibility and adaptability, aggressiveness, persuasiveness, superb communication skills, an ability to deal with conflict and to function well within a highly ambiguous environment and ill-defined organizational relationships. This is not easy task because project managers task is a complex one. Furthermore, he also stated that the primary problems of project management are not technical because they are human. It follows that the ratio of project success as well as efficiency and effectiveness of resources utilization will be significantly enhanced if management can do a better job in recruiting, selecting, training, and developing managerial skills of project managers. The causes of project failure can be numerous. However, the core reason for project failure usually is not limited resources but incompetent project managers. Projects fail because managers fail. Project Managers negligence comes from the project managers itself. Project manager have responsibilities in carrying out the task and ensure all the works being completed efficiently. In order to make the projects flow smoothly, project managers must have ability in solving the problems during the construction stage and well-trained in project management. Poor project manager will overemphasis of technical skills as prerequisite for selection to project management positions as what been stated by Badawy M. K. (1988). In managing the projects, it is not only on technical skills as what statement given. It is about soft skills that project manager had in order to deal with people in construction project. If project manager failed to deal with parties involved in the construction project, the probabilities of project managers negligence is higher. As project manager, they need high interpersonal skills and superb communication skills in being a good project manager. These skills are important to avoid project managers negligence in construction project such as miscommunication in giving instruction and others. Lack of communication also is one of the causes of project managers negligence as communication is very important in conducting, directing, organizing and etc to make the instruction or information were clearly given and understood. 1. Inappropriate advice There is another cause of project managers negligence in construction which is failed to advice his client in appropriate way. There is the case where project manager is wrongdoer because has advise their client without record it in writing. This case clearly shown the caus

A Writers Choice Essay -- Writing Style Styles Essays

A Writer's Choice "The words we use to communicate our impressions cannot alone constitute a vocabulary sufficient to describe style, but they are part of one†¦" (Williams 18-19). This excerpt from Joseph M. Williams' Style Toward Clarity and Grace conveys a common theme in his book: Style is complex, and it is a matter of choice. Although writers across the nation may have been taught similar features of style and therefore produce similar products, they may choose to use or disregard those elements of style at will. Writing parallels many other versatile fields - such as art, music, and dance - with the notion that in order to break the rules, one must first understand them. A creator needs a foundation to build on; in writing and style, this foundation is a combination of accuracy, consistency, clarity, and concision. Accuracy is arguably a facet of style. With their list of commonly misused words and expressions in Elements of Style, Strunk and White stress the importance of using language correctly and even identify its relationship with style. "Many of the words and expressions listed here are not so much bad English as bad style, the commonplaces of careless writing" (39). The authors do acknowledge that there is no ultimate authority who deems which words must be used over others, but their matter-of-fact tone and occasional jabs at writers who misuse certain words seem to forecast misfortunes for those who do not follow a recommended word usage. Williams is less concerned about such strict guidelines because "not all of us will agree on what counts as correct" (170). He attributes some rules to folklore, some to special formality, and a lot to personal choice. However, he acknowledges that precision may be ne... ...ingway was a renowned author said to have a distinct style: short sentences and paragraphs that used simple vocabulary. He also tended to avoid putting commas in places where many writers and language experts - Strunk and White, for example - would deem them necessary. And he won a Pulitzer Prize. Despite their solid rules and guidelines, Strunk and White never impose their own definition of style. Williams doesn't either; he depicts it, however, not as one entity but a flexible, evolving collection of writing applications. One can conclude, then, that style ultimately comes down to the methods that writers define and use to create their end results. Works Cited Strunk, William, and White, E.B. The Elements of Style. Needham, NY: Allyn & Bacon, 2000, 1979. Williams, Joseph M. Style Toward Clarity and Grace. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1990.

Fenix Del Sur Case Study

F ‘Nell del Sure is currently aced with an opportunity to obtain a contract with a mass merchandising retailer to sell their products at 10% below their current prices. The contract would start out with an initial purchase of $750,000 and possibly generate as much as 4 million in sales annually. The dilemma is whether or not the company feels that this contract is a good fit strategically. Also of concern is whether or not this opportunity conflicts with the organizational culture. 2 Available Courses of Action 1 .Accept the contract with the department store This alternative would require tripling the amount of replica products that the F' Unix el Sure is producing. One question that F' Unix del Sure should address is, how would this affect the image of the company? Their focus would be somewhat taken away from acquiring authentic products and directed towards the replica industry. From the SOOT analysis in the appendix, one of Fennel del Subs strengths Is the ability to produ ce high quality replicas. This strength aligns well with the opportunity to obtain the contract with the department store.When evaluating opportunities, It Is good to classify them in terms of the type of strategy employed. Since the contract tit the department store would not necessarily be a new offering, they are looking to execute market penetration with their existing products. The retailer currently sells similar products, and is going to attempt to sell F' Unix del Sure as a more exclusive line. This is a market position strategy In which they are trying to utilize the price and quality attribute of positioning to compete.A few questions that need to be asked are ; What is the desired position? -The position is an exclusive line of decorations, priced higher than current offerings by competition. F' Unix del Cur's products must be understood by customers to be the real deal†, even if they are replicas. ; Which competitors must be bested to gain the position? -Competitor s very similar to F ; Nell are signing salary contracts with retailers, but pro- vide a mixture of quality of products. F' Unix needs to deliver solid quality every time in order to compete well. Is Fiend del Sure capable of holding the position? -F ‘knell's success in holding the position will depend on several factors. Can they Increase their volume of replica products to meet the demand? Will current the quality of their decorations stay in the top tier, and can they build brand equity ever time that allows them to retain a sustainable advantage? 2. Create a sub brand of products that are sold in retail stores. Fiend del Sure could create a sub brand of their replica products, which are only sold in mass merchandising stores.This alternative has several pros and cons. Pros: ; Evoke the reputation for quality associated with their products to sell in the retail environment ; Could utilize a down-market stretch to capture more sales at the lower end of the market. ; Overall g rowth of the business could enable Fiend del Sure to have more purchasing power in the authentic market. Cons: ; If replica brand is too good, sales from it my begin to cannibalize the genuine artifacts. ; Some potential customers might perceive the company as being too cheap if they sell in these stores. Splitting into two brands may cause conflicts within the company and erode the culture they have worked hard to establish. ; Current suppliers may feel undercut by cheap replicas that are sold in retail 3 Recommendation Currently, the gross sales of F' Unix del Sure is at $MOM and information indicated that it has been growing its sales by 20% a year from the previous decade. Adding the retail account will increase estimated sales by $MM on top of current growth. With current growth at $MM over the previous decade, $MM would be a 16% increase.The question that remains unanswered is can Fiend del Sure keep their current growth with the competitive conditions, and would adding the ne w contract hurt their sales? Since their current demand is already calling for more replicas to be made, perhaps F ;Unix del Sure should negotiate with their retailer to obtain a contract that allowed them to sell a dual braded offerings, replicas and genuine artifacts and crafts. They loud sell the brand name as â€Å"Fiend del Sure Designs† This plan would allow them to retain their current plan, and Just retool for increased production.This opportunity could neutralize the threat of a hyper competitive environment that is inevitable. Also, choosing this plan of action would allow them to keep their core culture and be honest about the source of their offerings. Perhaps their new marketing statement could be: â€Å"For the savvy cool elector and interior decorator , Fiend del Sure Designs provides a beautiful rustic look that will I transform any space with real world charm.

Free Essays on Human Resource Mangement

Human Resource Mangement By: Doug Sheppard Describe and critically evaluate the key factors that shape the role and practices of the HR/Personnel function within an organisation with which you are familiar. On the basis of your analysis identify the main HR challenges currently facing this organisation. Relate your analysis to appropriate literature. Introduction People are an important and expensive resource to a business. This asset has the capacity to be highly productive and generate revenue for the firm, but it also requires much attention and maintenance. When the direct costs of employment are added to the indirect costs of recruitment and selection, training and development, the organisation's investment in an average full-time employee can exceed  £100,000 in a short space of time. Therefore one of the fundamental factors is how to attract the right employee and retain their services, gaining efficiency throughout. Before answering the first part of the question â€Å"Describe and critically evaluate the key facto rs that shape the role and practices of the HR/Personnel function within an organisation with which you are familiar†, the differences between HRM and the older style ‘Personnel Management’ requires defining. Human Resource Management HRM can be defined as any part of the management structure that relates to people at work. It involves everything from recruitment to training to performance appraisal and overall employee welfare. HRM is originally an American management term that has taken over from the more restrictive 'Personnel Management', and denotes a more proactive and business-focused role, with an emphasis on good communication and staff commitment, more flexible work practices, and performance-related reward systems. leavingcert.net/. Once considered a more peripheral activity, HRM has now moved to the core of the business. The author’s own perspective of this assignment is delivered fr... Free Essays on Human Resource Mangement Free Essays on Human Resource Mangement Human Resource Mangement By: Doug Sheppard Describe and critically evaluate the key factors that shape the role and practices of the HR/Personnel function within an organisation with which you are familiar. On the basis of your analysis identify the main HR challenges currently facing this organisation. Relate your analysis to appropriate literature. Introduction People are an important and expensive resource to a business. This asset has the capacity to be highly productive and generate revenue for the firm, but it also requires much attention and maintenance. When the direct costs of employment are added to the indirect costs of recruitment and selection, training and development, the organisation's investment in an average full-time employee can exceed  £100,000 in a short space of time. Therefore one of the fundamental factors is how to attract the right employee and retain their services, gaining efficiency throughout. Before answering the first part of the question â€Å"Describe and critically evaluate the key facto rs that shape the role and practices of the HR/Personnel function within an organisation with which you are familiar†, the differences between HRM and the older style ‘Personnel Management’ requires defining. Human Resource Management HRM can be defined as any part of the management structure that relates to people at work. It involves everything from recruitment to training to performance appraisal and overall employee welfare. HRM is originally an American management term that has taken over from the more restrictive 'Personnel Management', and denotes a more proactive and business-focused role, with an emphasis on good communication and staff commitment, more flexible work practices, and performance-related reward systems. leavingcert.net/. Once considered a more peripheral activity, HRM has now moved to the core of the business. The author’s own perspective of this assignment is delivered fr...

Free Essays on Gatsby

Symbolizing the American Dream F. Scott Fitzgerald’s classic novel The Great Gatsby examines the 1920s vision of the American dream. It shows how the American dream is corrupted by wealth and power. Gatsby is a firm believer in the American dream of self-made success. He has achieved this dream, but he also has a dream of being with Daisy. Gatsby is successful, but his success is through new money. There is a difference between old money and new money. The people with old money give no respect to the people with the new money. This is shown by Tom calling Gatsby’s car a â€Å"circus wagon† (128). The social flaw of being new money imprisoned Gatsby on an emotional island. The novel uses a major literary theme to show hidden meaning. The technique of symbolism is included into the novel. The author uses symbolism by showing how the American dream can be corrupted by wealthy people with little or no morals. Fitzgerald incorporates three symbols to prove this; they are the green light at the end of the Buchanan’s dock, the eyes of Dr. T. J. Eckleburg, and the valley of ashes. At the end of the Buchanan’s dock was a â€Å"single green light† that Gatsby reached toward (26). Green is a color that represents promise, hope, and renewal. This green light symbolizes Gatsby’s hope that the present will change to that of a great future, one where dreams come true and the where American dream is realized. His most important dream is his longing for Daisy. As Sulton said, â€Å"At this point in the novel, Gatsby can only reach longingly, from a distance toward a light he associates with his former lover.† Gatsby’s also sees the green light as a symbol of immense possibilities. Gatsby uses Nick Carraway as a window to the desperately needed green light. Nick is used as a gateway to Gatsby’s goal, Daisy. Gatsby has spent his whole life longing for something better. The green light stands for all of Gatsby’s hopes... Free Essays on Gatsby Free Essays on Gatsby The Great Gatsby, written by F. Scott Fitzgerald, is a specific portrait of American society during the Roaring Twenties. It tells the quintessential American story of a man rising from rags to riches only to find that his wealth cannot grant him the privileges of class and status. Although the central character of the novel is Jay Gatsby, a wealthy New Yorker known mostly for the lavish parties he throws every weekend at his mansion. The narrator, however, is Nick Carraway, a young mid-westerner from a prominent family who came to New York to enter the bond business. Even though Nick Carraway is involved in all of the events of the novel, he does not play a significant active role. Carraway’s characteristics of being responsible, honest, and fair makes him a reliable narrator. Nick's description of himself in the opening chapter holds true throughout the novel: he is â€Å"tolerant and slow to judge, someone with whom people feel comfortable sharing their secrets† (Fitzgerald 7). Carraway has this willingness to describe himself and the contours of his thoughts even when they are inconsistent or incomplete. Toward the end of the novel, his long musing makes him seem thoughtful and trustworthy. His discusses Gatsby’s dream of loving Daisy, but he tells it as Gatsby’s struggle to recreate the past in the future. He realizes failure, â€Å"the quality of distortion† that lures people to the East disgusts him (Fitzgerald 123). â€Å"Individuals must now struggle like rowboats against a current, as they move forward with their dreams into the future, but are borne back ceaselessly into a past they (like Gatsby) are doomed never to recreate† (Plotz 32). Nick Carraway’s position in relation to the other characters gives him a perfect vantage point from which to view the story. He is Daisy's cousin's old college friend, and Gatsby's neighbor. They all trust him and rely on him. Nick Car... Free Essays on Gatsby 1) The first party that takes place in East Egg at Daisy and Tom's mansion. Since Daisy is his cousin and Tom, a friend from Yale, Nick has the credentials to visit East Egg. Their house is "a cheerful red-and-white Georgian Colonial Mansion" overlooking the bay. And the owner is obviously proud of his possessions. We meet Tom who is presented as a powerful man in riding clothes sort of as a knight. We then meet Daisy and Jordan who seem like two princesses in white sitting on the sofa. Fitzgerald controls the whole scene through his use of colors white and gold mainly that suggests a combination of beauty and wealth. Jordan Baker is bored and discontented. She yawns more than once in this very first scene. Tom talks about a book he has read, The Rise of the Colored Empires by Goddard. It is a piece of pure Social Darwinism, advocating that the white race preserve its own purity and beat down the colored races before they rise up and overcome the whites. Daisy pretends she does not know is going on by teasing him about his size and the big words in his book. Then the telephone rings and Jordan sort of fills Nick in on what's going on about Tom and his "other woman". The rest of the evening is awkward and painful and both Tom and Daisy try and pretend nothing happened. The second Party takes place in New York and consists of Nick, Tom, Myrtle, Myrtle's sister Catherine, and a couple named McKee who live downstairs. Nick is really more of an observer than a participant. He tells us that he has been drunk just twice in his life, and the second time was the at afternoon. In any case, all the guests at the party seem to have something unnatural or wrong with them. Catherine, the sister, has "a solid, sticky bob of red hair, and a complexion powdered milky white. Her eyebrows had been plucked and then drawn on again at a more rakish angle." Mr. McKee is a pale, feminine man who has just shaved and left a spot of lather on his cheek. His wife... Free Essays on Gatsby Symbolizing the American Dream F. Scott Fitzgerald’s classic novel The Great Gatsby examines the 1920s vision of the American dream. It shows how the American dream is corrupted by wealth and power. Gatsby is a firm believer in the American dream of self-made success. He has achieved this dream, but he also has a dream of being with Daisy. Gatsby is successful, but his success is through new money. There is a difference between old money and new money. The people with old money give no respect to the people with the new money. This is shown by Tom calling Gatsby’s car a â€Å"circus wagon† (128). The social flaw of being new money imprisoned Gatsby on an emotional island. The novel uses a major literary theme to show hidden meaning. The technique of symbolism is included into the novel. The author uses symbolism by showing how the American dream can be corrupted by wealthy people with little or no morals. Fitzgerald incorporates three symbols to prove this; they are the green light at the end of the Buchanan’s dock, the eyes of Dr. T. J. Eckleburg, and the valley of ashes. At the end of the Buchanan’s dock was a â€Å"single green light† that Gatsby reached toward (26). Green is a color that represents promise, hope, and renewal. This green light symbolizes Gatsby’s hope that the present will change to that of a great future, one where dreams come true and the where American dream is realized. His most important dream is his longing for Daisy. As Sulton said, â€Å"At this point in the novel, Gatsby can only reach longingly, from a distance toward a light he associates with his former lover.† Gatsby’s also sees the green light as a symbol of immense possibilities. Gatsby uses Nick Carraway as a window to the desperately needed green light. Nick is used as a gateway to Gatsby’s goal, Daisy. Gatsby has spent his whole life longing for something better. The green light stands for all of Gatsby’s hopes... Free Essays on Gatsby Gatsby’s Hopes and Dreams for his Future The Great Gatsby by F.Scott Fitzgerald is recognized in American Literature as one of his greatest achievements. Many of Fitzgerald’s works research the Jazz-Age for the single American dream of happiness and wealth (Poupard, Person 146). â€Å"Critics concur that The Great Gatsby rises above being a mere chronicle of a past American era, and most believe that the novel’s continued popularity demonstrates modern America’s fascination with the American dream† (Poupard, Person 147). In this book Fitzgerald uses Gatsby to compare the real American dreamer with what has become of the American society in the 1920’s. During the 1920’s America was unable to fulfill dreams and expose the blindness in Jazz-Age Americans. â€Å"The Great Gatsby is an exploration of the American dream as it exists in a corrupt period, and it is an attempt to determine the concealed boundary that divides the reality from t he illusions† (Bewley 38). Jay Gatsby is a builder as! well as a dreamer, and Gatsby puts his all into figuring out his â€Å"ethical dream† (Minter 82). The Great Gatsby was written in a poor society with no moral virtues. Dreamers in a healthy society are respected and encouraged. However, in the twenties these people weren’t treated with the respect they deserved. â€Å"Gatsby’s dream divides into three basic and related parts: the desire to repeat the past, the desire for money, and the desire for incarnation of ‘unutterable visions’ in the material earth† (Lockridge 11). In The Great Gatsby, Jay Gatsby will do anything to fulfill his hopes and dreams. Gatsby does not fulfill his hopes and dreams in his lifetime. No one knows where Gatsby comes from, what he does, or how he has become so wealthy. But in the middle of the novel Nick Carraway, the narrator discovers that Gatsby was born Jay Gatz in North Dakota. Gatsby also tell Carraway about his schooling. Gatsby says, â€Å"I am the son ... Free Essays on Gatsby â€Å"The Great Gatsby† By: F. Scott Fitzgerald In the â€Å"The Great Gatsby† by F. Scott Fitzgerald, although the book is named for James Gatz, the main character is Nick Carraway, who also acts as the novel’s narrator. The narrators of many novels are not significant to the plot and just serve the purpose of telling the story. Nick, however, is quite the opposite. Though he may not seem to be the main character next to Gatsby, Nick is the one person in the book who is linked to every character and in turn connects them all to each other. Although he is more of an observer than anything in this novel, and is inclined to reserve his personal judgments, he also tries to remain uninvolved and is reluctant to act upon what he perceives to be faults of others. After his return from War, Nick decides to move to New York in the summer of 1922 to learn about the bond business. He rents a house in the West Egg district of Long Island. One weekend Nick gets together with his cousin Daisy and her husband Tom Buchanan, a rich man who lives in West Egg who is having an affair with a woman named Myrtle, the wife of George Wilson, a Gas Station owner. On this night Nick is introduced to Jordan Baker, a friend of Daisy’s and an acquaintance of Gatsby Nick's neighbor in West Egg, who lives in a gigantic mansion and throws extravagant parties every Saturday night. Nick is invited to attend one of these parties and he and Jay soon become good friends. Both have things in common, one being they both know Daisy Buchanan. It is discovered through Daisy’s friend Jordan that Jay and Daisy were once lovers, and that Jay has plans to try to win her back. As quarrels and disagreements irrupt about the love Jay wants to show Daisy she is force d to choose between two men, one from her old life and one from the new life she is living. Nick continues to abide by his many morals, however, shuns them when in contact with Gatsby and the rest o...

4 discussion questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

4 discussion questions - Assignment Example Personally I believe the development of IPv6 appropriately overcomes the issues occurring with IPv4. In order to improve performance, I believe the need to adopt and upgrade to newer technology is stronger than improving the current version of technology which is readily approaching its decline. Microsoft and UNIX is an ongoing debate which has been discussed by numerous critics. Microsoft evidently has a competitive edge due to its mass bundled offerings and relentless marketing. Microsoft is rampantly available everywhere, bundled along with most PCs/Laptops. Also, the fully loaded services available with Microsoft come as an exclusive attraction for many users. The issue of ethicality of Microsoft’s decision to bundle its services yet needs to be resolved. However, it is unanimously believed that Microsoft had intended to create its monotony rule in the IT industry. It has increased its operations to such an extent that the court proceedings ordered for its operations to be broken down into smaller independent units. I believe the court rulings were absolutely

The short and long term financial strategy of a listed company of your Essay

The short and long term financial strategy of a listed company of your choice - Essay Example The impression gained by lenders and investors have a direct bearing on the movement of stock prices of a company and, as is commonly known, any downward movement of stock prices immediately generates negative sentiments in the market that have a direct adverse effect on the goodwill of the organization (Arnold 2005). No organization of repute can afford to accept a smear on its goodwill as that has a very great impact on its turnover and profitability. Moreover, a company that does not have goodwill in the market is very rarely is able to gather funds from the market when it is need of it and always has to struggle with high interest rates that it has to pay if it wishes to borrow from commercial banks or institutional lenders. Thus, this report is of vital importance to any corporate entity as it can make or mar its future. To prevent any manipulation of figures, authorities all over the world have made it mandatory that such accounts must be vetted and audited by statutory auditor s and submitted to registrar of companies in prescribed formats (Pike and Neale 2009). This assignment examines in detail Annual Report of Accenture and draws important and vital conclusions about the company. Accenture – background details of the company (Oliveira 2008) Accenture is a global management consulting company that has firmly established itself in the Fortune 500 list of companies. It was in 394th position in 2007 and has steadily gained since then in stature and prominence in the global competitive arena as it became a force to reckon with in the field of technology and outsourcing services. This company has a rather checkered past as in its earlier incarnation, Anderson Consulting, it got inextricably smeared in black as the Enron scandal unfolded with all its murkiness and deceit. So before the company went for initial public offering in 2001 it had changed its name to Accenture to get rid of an unenviable past association. This company is an acclaimed global s ervice provider having a highly decentralized organization structure and services clients of international repute and global footprint in areas of increasing productivity, turnover or returns on capital employed. In order to serve a worldwide client base the company had no other option but to decentralize its operations and that is evident when one comes to know that it operates from more than 150 locations in about 50 countries. The company, like most other service providers, values its human resources as its most productive asset and goes to great lengths to maintain it properly. With more and more companies investing heavily in Information Technology to cut costs and increase productivity, one of the core businesses of Accenture has become IT consulting. This is a highly competitive market and the only way to survive and stay ahead of competition is to continuously innovate and provide cutting edge solution to clients especially with competitors as Cap Gemini SA and Atos Origin h eavily breathing down Accenture’s neck. Accenture has also built corporate alliances with other leaders as SAP and Oracle and also formed a joint

Christian Stewardship and Sustainability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Christian Stewardship and Sustainability - Essay Example Christian Stewardship and Sustainability The concepts of stewardship require such a living approach that persuades desirable qualities of an individual and enjoys the harmony of living with unity. For instance, in stewardship the use of excessive resources like water, forests soil, wildlife and etc is prohibited or at least most likely to be avoided at its best. The word stewardship is mostly understood as a type of responsible and answerable management pattern and practice where the points of sustainability and quality of the environment are considered as the key area to focus on (Worrell, and Michael 263). Our notion of stewardship comes from biblical creation theology, distributed throughout the Bible but most visible in Genesis, the Psalms, and the Wisdom literature of ancient Israel (Butkus 19) It can be said that stewardship is just not a way of living; in fact it is better to be taken as a good way of living or an approach to better way of life. The starting and ending idea of stewardship lies in belongings to God. And on the other hand the theory of keeping everything in a moderate situation prevails in the ecological concepts of sustainability without damaging the productive rate of the society. Few of the best examples of sustainability are the forests that have been there from a long time with no harm. Sustainability is not only a matter of self interest for the communal societies of human being but they also consist of questions against the fundamental values of earth and other species besides humans.

Starbucks Coffee Essay Example for Free

Starbucks Coffee Essay Starbucks has more than 17,000 stores in over the world ( following the information in 2010) including over 11,000 in the United States, over 1,000 in Canada, and over 700 in the United Kingdom Follow the the information of BusinessWeek. com. in 2010. The Brand Value of Starbucks is 3339 million U. S Dollar. Rank 97 in over the world http://www. interbrand. com/en/best-global-brands/best-global-brands-2008/best-global-brands-2010. aspx Employees 137,000 (2010) Website Starbucks. com Currently Starbucks is present in more than 55 countries. But until 2011, Starbucks still have not come to VN. Our group think that Starbucks should come to VN through franchising method Why choose Viet Nam 1/ A suitable model of development: In recent years, Vietnam has favorable conditions for business activity * GDP growth averaging over 8% * The economic situation is stable * The purchasing power is rated highly in the world VietNam became officially the 150th member of WTO. It opens up a lot of opportunities for not only VN’s entrepreneurs but also other countries’ ones 2/ Policies from VN government. VN government encourage investments VN Laws allowed foreign enterprise operate comfortably in VN which it didn’t occur in the past 3/ Others Vietnam population is 82 million, among whom 2/3 are young people In Viet Nam, people spend 70% their income for consuming, especially in food ( Follow the data from The General Statistics Office) Why choose franchising What is franchising? - Starbucks chooses Franchising as its international entry strategy. A franchise is a business arrangement where the developer/owner (the franchiser) of a business concept grants others (the franchisees) the licensed right to own and operate a businesses based on the franchisers business concept, using its trademark. For complete franchising model, the franchisor share and transfer of at least four types of products include: * Systems ( Strategies, model, management process, marketing support †¦ ) * Trade or business secrets * Right to operate under the Starbucks brand * Products and services Franchising in Viet Nam With Vietnam’s entry into the WTO, it is expected that franchising activity in the country will increase markedly over the next few years. There are presently a handful of major franchises operating in the country, including Kentucky Fried Chicken, Lotteria, Jollibee, Pho 24, Gloria Jean’s Coffees, Buntamita and Cartridge World. In the past, Vietnamese law did not provide a clear basis for franchising arrangements, groundwork for franchising to develop in Vietnam. Reasons which Starbucks should choose franchisng In fact, with the economy situation in VN, franchising brings a lot of advantages to both franchisor and franchisees Franchisor * Franchising reduces the risk of investment into a new market for Starbucks. * Starbucks don’t need to have a huge capital. Capital is always one of the biggest problems of any company. But with franchising system, the franchisors don’t need to worry about it because franchisees have to use the capital of them to expand business, not franchiser. * Franchising help Starbucks access the new market quickly and make rapid expansion over broad area. In Vietnam market, especially coffee market, you have to find the way to develop and grow continuously to compete with others. No development means that going back. It’s lucky that franchising system can help you expand, develop your business quickly. * Promote the brand promotion strongly. With the expansion quickly of franchising system, it also helps Starbucks to advertise Starbucks’s image widely when hundreds of Starbucks’s stores appear everywhere. Beside that, the advertising cost will be shared for all stores, so Starbucks don’t have to spend much money to launch their huge advertising campaigns * Maximize income. In franchising system, franchisor can earn a lot of money from franchisees; from copyright cost, the cost for the right to operate under Starbucks’s brand, the profit of franchisees to raw materials which franchisees have to buy directly from Starbucks * Most importantly, franchisees are motivated operators to do a good job. Franchisees have to use the capital of them to operate business. So, it will be a great motivation for them to work well Franchisees * Franchising primary benefit is risk minimization. Starting a new business is risky. Most studies show that over 90 percent fail within three years. The primary reason that the failure rate is so high is because the owners have to do many things. They have to have a plan to introduce their new products or service, beside that they have to do operating plan, marketing plan †¦ to achieve their goal. All of them contain many risks. And the retailer often don’t have a lot of experiences when they start a new business, they have to spend a lot of time to learn characteristic elements of each industry. Franchising reduces risk for these things. When you join a franchising system, franchisee will be trained, taught from experiences to successful secrets which franchisor has to spend a lot of time to know. * Another benefits of franchising is the franchisee don’t have to go through beginning step when you have to do a lot of things, and spend a lot of money to survive, to build an image in consumer mind. * The next benefit, the well known brand names of franchisers are another reason of franchising to franchisees. Nowadays, there’re a lot of same products in different brands in market. Therefore, building a famous brand which everyone know and trust is a key to survive and success with any business. With franchising system, franchisee is allowed to succeed a brand which have a stable position in market, it is really a big advantage for retailer * Maximize manpower: the franchisee only have to focus on business operations. The rest like strategies, marketing process†¦ will be built and transferred to franchisee by franchisor * Easy to borrow money from banks: Because franchise system was proven to be the safest business system. Therefore, it is easier for franchisees to ask money from banks Objectives Short-term: Assert brand of Starbucks coffee in HCM city area. Try to lead Starbucks to become a familiar brand in customer mind Long-term: Create a unique coffee culture of Starbucks in VN. Lead Starbuck brand become a standard for coffee in Vietnam Target market and location Target market Based on our franchising strategy, our objectives in long term and short term, Starbucks will target consumers between the age of 18-50, with a specific concentration on officers and businessman. Demographic Age: 18-50. Gender: Male and Female Income: Average to high income Occupation: Businessman, officers, students, intelligentsia Psychographic: Life Style: For those who have deep experience about coffee People who want to choose for themselves some products that have brand name that show their levels. For people who value quality and service above money People who want to enjoy Starbucks coffee’s culture Location Follow our objectives in short term and long term. Starbucks’s stores have to occur densely in Ho Chi Minh City, especially in: Main streets and main districts where have high living. Plazas and buildings Big universities, especially international universities through Starbucks’s stalls (Most of them serve take-away coffee only) Analyze Environment in VietNam Social and Cultural Environment General View On the basis of study and observation of the rapid development of Vietnamese societal life in recent decades, this text tries to suggest a global view on the cultural environment in Vietnam – the country which is still poor, but which nonetheless has got rather high indexes of life expectancy and education. Cultural environment in Vietnam nowadays is fine, fair, and healthy. However, the cultural environment in Vietnam is now unprecedentedly rich, complicated, and fraught with plenty of implicit problems. Vietnam has three main advantages: Firstly, a suitable model of development; secondly, political and social stability; and thirdly, a nationwide strong will for progress, with 82 million inhabitants, among whom 2/3 are young people. 3. Business Environment in Vietnam a. Macro Environment in Vietnam Economic Factors. Ho Chi Minh City’s per capita income has doubled the figure of the whole country; a recent survey by the HCMC Institute for Development Studies has showed. The first-ever survey on the income and living standards of HCMC households was conducted in 12 districts, with 720 questionnaires released. The survey revealed Ho Chi Minh City’s per capita income has increased over the past years to US$2,500, compared to the whole country’s $1,200. However, the average income of the rich is seven times higher than that of the poor in Ho Chi Minh City, according to the survey. HCMC is now home to 80,000 poor households, a Wednesday conference co-hosted by the HCMC Institute for Development Studies and the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) was told. A poor household is defined as having the per capita income of VND12 million ($650). Only 24. 3 percent of Ho Chi Minh City residents feel â€Å"satisfied† with their income, according to the survey. Ho Chi Minh City dwellers spend half of their income on food, and 20 percent of their income on education, the survey says. There an average 4. 6 members in a household in HCMC; the number of people of working age makes up around 70 percent of the total population, the survey says. Vietnam defines a person of working age as aged between 18 and 60 for males and 18 to 55 for females. The southern hub’s unemployment rate is 4. 5 percent, according to the survey. It also says only around half of HCMC households have been living in the city for less than 25 years; meanwhile, the number of migrants within the past 10 years is increasing.